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Article
Advances in glioma ecDNA research
Cancercellresearch 2023, 9(36), 897-902; - 25 Mar. 2023
Abstract
: Glioma is the most common primary tumor of the central nervous system and the tumor genetics of glioma has been a hot topic. In recent years, the role of ecDNA in tumors, especially glioma, has been gradually recognized. [...] Read more.
: Glioma is the most common primary tumor of the central nervous system and the tumor genetics of glioma has been a hot topic. In recent years, the role of ecDNA in tumors, especially glioma, has been gradually recognized. ecDNA can accelerate tumor evolution and mediate glioma drug resistance activity by randomly distributing in the interphase due to the lack of mitotic structure. The circle structure of ecDNA also has the characteristics of high openness, strong transcriptional activity and diverse regulatory modes. The study of glioma ecDNA has gone through three stages: classical karyotype analysis, basic function study and regulatory molecular mechanism study. In the era of karyotype analysis, early studies focused mostly on the description of cell karyotypes, but later merged with research on oncogenes. In the era of functional study of ecDNA, not only have many oncogenes located on ecDNA had been discovered, but also the mechanism of ecDNA involvement in glioma drug resistance had been revealed. In the past five years, the finer molecular regulatory mechanisms have become essential in further revealing the unique functions of ecDNA, mainly due to the advancement of biology experiments research tools and bioinformatics technologies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Cancer cell Research)
Article
Research Progress of TMB in Predicting Prognosis and Efficacy of Lung Cancer
by , .
Cancercellresearch 2023, 9(36), 891-896; -28 Feb. 2023
Abstract
: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have changed therapeutic paradigms for patients across multiple cancer types and play an important role. However, due to the complexity and individual differences in immunotherapy, not all patients benefit from immunotherapy. New insights into the role of tumor mutational burden (TMB) suggest that their composition, as well as their functionality, might serve as a biomarker to enable optimal patient selection for current systemic therapies and upcoming treatment options. [...] Read more.
: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have changed therapeutic paradigms for patients across multiple cancer types and play an important role. However, due to the complexity and individual differences in immunotherapy, not all patients benefit from immunotherapy. New insights into the role of tumor mutational burden (TMB) suggest that their composition, as well as their functionality, might serve as a biomarker to enable optimal patient selection for current systemic therapies and upcoming treatment options. In this paper, we will review TMB as a biomarker for immunotherapy, assess the efficacy of immunotherapy, present several combinations of biomarkers to improve treatment prediction, and further evaluate the limitations of TMB as a biomarker of immunotherapy for lung cancer. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section cancercellresearch)
Article
The expression level of COL21A1 in colon cancer tissues and the relationship with immune cell infiltration
by , , , , , , , .
Chronic Diseases Prevention Review 2023, 7(25), 1-10; -28 Feb. 2023
Abstract
: Background: COL21A1, a member of the protofibril-associated collagen family with interrupted helices, plays an important role in maintaining the integrity of the extracellular matrix under physiological conditions. So far, little is known about its role in the development of malignancy. Here, we performed a bioinformation-based investigation on COL21A1 expression and its correlation with immune cell infiltration and immunomodulatory factor expression in colon cancer tissues. [...] Read more.
: Methods: The expression of COL21A1 in different types of tumors and human tissues was analyzed using Gene Expression Profile Interaction Analysis (GEPIA) and the Tumor Immune Assessment Resource website (Timer). The expression of COL21A1 in colon cancer was analyzed based on the Tumor Genome Atlas database (TCGA). The gene co-expression with COL21A1 in colon cancer was analyzed with LinkedOmics database. Gene ontology (GO) and KEGG pathway analyses were performed to explore the functions of COL21A1-related genes. The tumor immune evaluation resource website (TIMER) and TISIDB data were used to investigate the correlation between COL21A1 expression and immune infiltration. Results: COL21A1 expression in colon cancer tissues was significantly lower than that in paracancerous normal tissues. Among the genes co-expressed with COL21A1, the probability of being a low-risk marker for colon cancer was high among the top 50 positively associated genes. GO analysis showed that COL21A1 was mainly involved in the organization of extracellular structures, extracellular regulation of signal transduction, and cyclic nucleotide metabolism. KEGG pathway analysis showed that COL21A1 was significantly associated with the extracellular matrix-receptor interaction pathway and the protein digestion and absorption pathway. The expression level of COL21A1 was positively correlated with the infiltration of such immune cells as mast cells, macrophages, dendritic cells, neutrophils and regulatory T cells. In addition, COL21A1 was positively correlated with the expression of tumor-suppressive immunoregulatory molecules such as TGFB1, CCL11, CX3CR1, CXCL14, CCL14, CCR4 and CD28, and was negatively correlated with the expression of oncogenic immunoregulatory molecules such as CCL5 and CCL15. Conclusion: The expression of COL21A1 was significantly down-regulated in colon cancer tissues. Its down-regulation was correlated with immune cell infiltration and immunomodulatory molecule contents in colon cancer tissues. An in-depth investigation on COL21A1 may be beneficial for the immunotherapy of colon cancer. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Chronic Diseases Prevention Review)