Chronic Diseases Prevention Review (Online ISSN: 2158-0820)
Current Issue
Vol.3 No.11
Article: Analysis of risk factors for drug resistance in tuberculosis patients
by Qian Liu, Chunjiang Dong, Boyang Wei, Guilan Zhang, Yuze Mu, Xuezhao Lu, Qiuzhen Wang
Chronic Diseases Prevention Review 2019 3(11) 1-5; published online 18 May 2019
Abstract:
Tuberculosis is a serious respiratory infectious disease.
The occurrence and prevalence of drug-resistant tuberculosis
is one of the main reasons for the recovery of tuberculosis
epidemic situation since the middle and late 1980s.
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the global
situation of MDR-TB is serious. The two countries with the
largest number of MDR-TB patients in the world are China and
India. The high drug resistance of tuberculosis is easy to
lead to tuberculosis difficult to cure and accelerate the
death of tuberculosis patients has become a major obstacle
to the current clinical work and prevention and treatment of
tuberculosis. A cross-sectional study was conducted to
collect tuberculosis patients hospitalized from December
2013 to December 2017. Eighteen patients with drug-resistant
tuberculosis and 49 patients with non-drug-resistant
tuberculosis were selected as subjects. Logistic regression
model was used to analyze the risk factors and to explore
the risk factors of drug resistance in patients with
tuberculosis. Retreatment and cavity in chest CT are the
main risk factors for drug resistance in patients with
pulmonary tuberculosis. It is of great significance to take
effective intervention measures as soon as possible from the
source to reduce the occurrence of drug-resistant
tuberculosis. Retreatment and cavity in chest CT are the
main risk factors of drug resistance in patients with
pulmonary tuberculosis.
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Article: Inhibitory effect of Telmisartan on STZ-induced early retinopathy in diabetic mice
by Ziqun Cao, Yao Zong, Congcong Yang, Xuejiao Yang, Yunxiao Wang, Zhe Sun, Tao Jiang
Chronic Diseases Prevention Review 2019 3(11) 6-12; published online 18 May 2019
Abstract:
To investigate the effect of Telmisartan intravitreal
injection on diabetic retinopathy and its protective
mechanism. 54 adult male C57B/6L mice were included in this
study. All the mice were randomly divided into blank control
group (8), solvent control group (8) and diabetic group
(36). Diabetic mice was intraperitoneally injected
Streptozotocin (STZ), and sodium citrate buffer was
intraperitoneally injected in to the solvent control group.
According to the drugs given in the vitreous cavity of the
left eye after modeling, diabetic mice were randomly divided
into Telmisartan group, Conbercept group and model control
group. Western blot was applied to detect the protein
expression of VEGF-A, RAGE and TNF-α. HE staining was used
to observe the changes of retinal morphology in each group
under an optical microscope. The expression levels of
VEGF-A, RAGE and TNF-α were significantly increased in the
model control group compared with the blank control group
(P<0.01). The expression levels of VEGF-A, RAGE and TNF-α in
the left eye of Telmisartan group were significantly lower
than that in the right eye ((P<0.01). The expression levels
of VEGF-A, RAGE and TNF-α in the left eye of Conbercept
group was lower than that in the right eye (P<0.001 for
all). There was no statistically significant difference in
VEGF-A, RAGE and TNF-α (P<0.01) between the solvent control
group and the blank control group. There was no
statistically significant difference in VEGF-A, RAGE and
TNF-α (P<0.01) between the left eye and the right eye of the
model control group. HE staining results showed that the
retinal cells of the normal group had clear boundaries,
normal morphology and neat arrangement of nerve cells. In
the model control group, the retinal boundary was not clear,
the cells were vacuolated and the nerve cells were not
arranged in order. Intravitreal injection of Telmisartan can
improve early diabetic retinopathy in mice by inhibiting the
expression of VEGF-A, RAGE and TNF-α.
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Article: Changes of serum trace elements in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
by Guilan Zhang, Yukang Wang, Qian Liu, Chunjiang Dong, Yuze Mu, Xuezhao Lu, Qiuzhen Wang
Chronic Diseases Prevention Review 2019 3(11) 13-16; published online 18 May 2019
Abstract:
To investigate the changes of serum trace elements in
patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and to
provide evidence for the prevention, control and treatment
of type 2 diabetes mellitus. A cross-sectional study was
conducted in 50 patients with diabetes mellitus and 50
healthy controls. The contents of trace elements in serum
were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass
spectrometry (ICP-MS). T test was used to analyze the
difference of serum trace element levels between type 2
diabetic patients and healthy controls. Compared with the
healthy control group, the body weight and BMI of the
diabetic group were increased significantly (P<0.05), serum
B and V levels were significantly lower in diabetic patients
(P<0.05), and serum Co and Mo contents were not
statistically significant (P>0.05).
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Article: Analysis on the status quo and countermeasures of healthy old-age care in China
by Yuchen Zhou, Yu Zhang
Chronic Diseases Prevention Review 2019 3(11) 17-19; published online 18 May 2019
Abstract:
As the population ages and accelerates, the process of
aging is intertwined with the contradiction between family
miniaturization, empty nesting and economic and social
transition. The growing number of special groups such as
disabled elderly and demented elderly has received
increasing attention. The elderly population (the elderly
population in this article refers to the elderly aged 60 and
over) is in increasing demand for health services. How to
properly solve the "old doctors" has become a realistic
problem that needs to be solved in the construction of the
public health security system. This paper analyzes the
current situation of China's healthy old-age care, combined
with the existing supply of old-age health services in
China, proposes suggestions for improving and promoting
China's healthy aged care service industry, in order to
promote the sustainable development of health care services.
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Article: Dietary intake of antioxidant vitamins and mortality: a meta-analysis from large cohort studies
by Yanyan Kang, Chongxiu Sun, Tianlin Gao
Chronic Diseases Prevention Review 2019 3(11) 20-32; published online 28 May 2019
Abstract:
The aim of the study was to assess the relationships
between dietary intakes of antioxidant vitamins C, E and
Vitamin A active substances (carotenes) with mortality in
large cohort studies. Relevant English-language studies were
identified though Medline, EMBASE, and web of science
database till February 2018. Multivariate-adjusted risk
ratios (RRs) for mortality in the highest verses the bottom
category of baseline intake of antioxidant vitamins C, E and
Vitamin A active substances (carotenes) were pooled using a
fixed-effects meta-analysis and reported as relative risk
(RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Meta-regression
was used to assess the effect of covariates across the
trials. Over the follow-up ranging from 3 to 32 years,
51,277 mortality events occurred among 419,837 adults from
14 cohort studies. Pooled relative risks comparing extreme
carotene categories (high versus low) were 0.85 (95%CI,
0.80-0.91; P<0.001; I2=45.2%; Pheterogeneity=0.044)
for total mortality, 0.83 (95% CI, 0.78-0.91; P<0.001;
I2=23.5%; Pheterogeneity=0.258) in Eerope. Pooled relative
risks comparing extreme vitamin C categories (high versus
low) were 0.88 (95% CI, 0.81-0.95; P<0.001), with
significant heterogeneity detected among studies (I2=87.5%;
Pheterogeneity=0.0001).Vitamin E intake have no
beneficial health effects 0.94 (95% CI, 0.80-1.00; P<0.001;
I2=45.4%; Pheterogeneity=0.050).
The present finding suggests that increased intake of
vitamin C and carotene in diet may benefit prevention of
death, but we do not find the evidence for higher intake of
vitamin E was associated with the risk of death.
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Article: Research on the index system of centralized drug procurement in China--based on analytic hierarchy process
by Sha Wang, Hongli Jiang
Chronic Diseases Prevention Review 2019 3(11) 33-39; published online 28 May 2019
Abstract:
This paper established a feasible index system for
centralized drug procurement in China, which can be used to
guide medical institutions to select the bid-winning drugs
of same kinds and supervise the process of centralized drug
procurement. Based on the literature and related policy
documents, the index information was ranked by the relative
importance, and the analytic hierarchy process method was
used to construct the judgment matrix by pairwise
comparison. The weight coefficient of each index was
calculated and the consistency test was carried out. A
hierarchical model consisting of four primary indicators
(including enterprise development capability, drug quality,
drug clinical use, and drug economy) and 17 secondary
indicators was constructed, and the weight of each indicator
to the target layer was calculated. The objective,
scientific, quantitatively comparable, operative and
feasible drug centralized procurement index system has been
established.
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Review: Research status of pulse pressure
by Genquan Jin, Honghan Ge, Jingao Zhang, Jingjing Wang, Xiubo Jiang
Chronic Diseases Prevention Review 2019 3(11) 40-48; published online 28 May 2019
Abstract:
Pulse pressure is the result of the periodicity of cardiac
contraction and the nature of arterial circulation. Pulse
pressure is affected by age, gender, height, heart rate,
cholesterol, diabetes, hypertension, homocysteine, pulse
pressure amplification, atherosclerosis, arteriosclerosis,
coronary artery perfusion and other factors. As an
independent risk factor for the occurrence of coronary
artery stenosis, coronary heart disease, myocardial
infarction and cerebral apoplexy, pulse pressure is even
more valuable than systolic and diastolic blood pressure in
predicting atherosclerosis, cardiovascular and
cerebrovascular diseases and death. Previous studies have
confirmed that pulse pressure is closely linked to genetic
polymorphism of multiple genes. Some scholars have reported
that pulse pressure is significantly correlated with the
SNPs of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) gene,
endothelial nitric oxide (eNOS) gene and dopamine receptor
gene, etc. The change of pulse pressure is affected by
multiple SNPs.
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Review: Oleanolic acid: Biological activities and therapeutic potential in chronic diseases
by Zilong Wang, Lu Li, Yushan Jiang, Ying Liu, Hui Liang
Chronic Diseases Prevention Review 2019 3(11) 49-52; published online 28 May 2019
Abstract:
Oleanolic acid is a pentacyclic triterpenoid compound with
a wide spread occurrence throughout the plant kingdom. In
nature, the compound exists either as a free acid or as an
aglycone precursor for triterpenoid saponins, in which it
can be linked to one or more sugar chains. This review
consolidates and expands on recent reports on the biological
effects of oleanolic acid and their mechanisms of action in
vitro and in vivo study models. Oleanolic acids are
important candidates in the search for alternative therapy
in the treatment and management of chronic diseases.
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